This bibliography, which is updated monthly, is meant to serve as a resources for academics and students interested in the field of digital diplomacy. If you know of a digital diplomacy resources that is not listed, please email manor.ilan@gmail.com.
Books (Authors/Editors in italics):
The Revolution That Wasn’t: How Digital Activism Favors Conservatives (2021)- Jen Schradie
Digital Diplomacy and International Organization (2021)- Edited by Corneliu Bjola and Ruben Zaiotti
Public Diplomacy and the Politics of Uncertainty (2021)- Edited by Pawel Surowiec and Ilan Manor
Emerging Technology Securities and EU Governance (2020)– Edited by Edited By Antonio Calcara, Raluca Csernatoni and Chantal Lavallée
The Digitalization of Public Diplomacy (2019) – Ilan Manor
This Is Not Propaganda: Adventures in the War Against Reality (2019)- Peter Pomerantsev
Negotiating Internet Governance (2019)- Roxana Radu
Cyberdiplomacy: Managing Security and Governance Online (2019) – Shaun Riordan
Countering Online Propaganda and Extremism: The Dark Side of Digital Diplomacy (2018) – Corneliu Bjola and James Pamment
The Chessboard and the Web (2017) – Anne Marie Slaughter
Digital DNA: Disruption and the challenges for global governance (2017) – Peter Cowhey and Jonathan Aronson
The Future of #Diplomacy (2016) – Philip Seib
Disruptive Power: The Crisis of the State in the Digital Age (2015) – Taylor Owen
Digital Diplomacy: Conversation on Innovation in Foreign Policy (2015) – Andreas Sandre
Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice (2015) – Corneliu Bjola and Marcus Holmes
Nation as Network: Diaspora, Cyberspace & Citizenship (2014) – Victoria Bernal
Strategic Narratives: Communication, Power and the New World Order (2013) – Alister Miskimmon, Ben O’Loughlin and Laura Roselle
New Public Diplomacy in the 21st Century (2013) – James Pamment
Real-Time Diplomacy (2012) – Philip Seib
Diplomacy in the Digital Age: Essays in Honour of Ambassador Allan Gotlieb (2011) – Jancie Gross Stein
Cyber Diplomacy: Managing Foreign Policy in the 21st Century (2002) – Evan Potter
Digital Diplomacy: U.S. Foreign Policy in the Information Age (2001) – Wilson Dizard
Book Chapters (Book titles in italics):
Public Diplomacy in the Age of ‘Post-reality’ (2021)- Ilan Manor and Corneliu Bjola, Public Diplomacy and the Politics of Uncertainty
Reconceptualising and Measuring Online Prestige in IOs: Towards a Theory of Prestige Mobility (2021)- Ilan Manor, Digital Diplomacy and International Organization
Europe United: An Analysis of the EU’s Public Diplomacy on Twitter (2020)- Ilan Manor, Emerging Technology Securities and EU Governance
Digital Diplomacy (2019) – Craig Hayden, the Encyclopedia of Diplomacy
Public Diplomacy and Its Offshoots (2017) – Tom Fletcher, Satow’s Diplomatic Practice
From Club to Network Diplomacy (2016) -Jorge Heine, The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy to Public Diplomacy
‘Secrecy is for Losers’: Why Diplomats Should Embrace Oneness to protect National Security (2015) – Alexis Wichowski, Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice
Social Media and Public Diplomacy: A Comparative Analysis of the Digital Diplomatic Strategies of the EU, US, and Japan in China (2015) – Corneliu Bjola and Lu Jian, Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice
America’s Selfie: How the US Portrays Itself on its Social Media Accounts (2015) – Ilan Manor and Elad Segev, Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice
Business As Usual? An Evaluation of British and Canadian Digital Diplomacy as Policy Change (2015) – Amanda Clarke, Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice
Delivering Digital Public Diplomacy (2013) – Charles Causey and Philip N. Howard, Relational, Networked and Collaborative Approaches to Public Diplomacy
The “Virtual Last Three Feet” (2013) – Hyunjin Seo, Relational, Networked and Collaborative Approaches to Public Diplomacy
Diaspora Diplomacy and Public Diplomacy (2013) – Kishan S . Rana, Relational, Networked and Collaborative Approaches to Public Diplomacy
Taking Diplomacy Public (2013) – Daryl Copeland, Relational, Networked and Collaborative Approaches to Public Diplomacy
Corporate Diplomacy in the Information Age: Catching Up to the Dispersal of Power (2011) – George Haynal, Diplomacy in the Digital Age: Essays in Honour of Ambassador Allan Gotlieb
The Relational Paradigm and Sustained Dialogue (2013) – Harold Saunders, Relational, Networked and Collaborative Approaches to Public Diplomacy
Network Purpose, Network Design: Dimensions of Network and Collaborative Public Diplomacy (2013) – Rhonda S. Zaharna, Relational, Networked and Collaborative Approaches to Public Diplomacy
Journal Articles (Journal name in italics):
‘No, we don’t know where Tupac is’: critical intelligence studies and the CIA on social media- Crilley, Rhys, and Louise Pears (2021), Intelligence and National Security
The Irrelevance of Soft Power- Ilan Manor and Guy J. Golan (2021), E-International Relations
Shakespeare Lives on Twitter: cultural diplomacy in the digital age- Aslan Ozgul, Billur, Eva Nieto McAvoy, Marie Gillespie, and Ben O’Loughlin (2021), International Journal of Cultural Policy
Reputation Crisis Management and the State: Theorizing Containment as Diplomatic Mode- Kristin Hagevic, Cecile Basberg Neumann (2021), European Journal of International Relations
Public Engagement Model to Analyze Digital Diplomacy on Twitter: A Social Media Analytics Framework- Khan, M. Laeeq, Muhammad Ittefaq, Yadira Ixchel Martínez Pantoja, Muhammad Mustafa Raziq, and Aqdas Malik (2021). International Journal of Communication
Russia’s Digital Diplomacy: The good, the bad and the satirical (2021)-Ilan Manor, RUSSLAND-ANALYSEN
Exploring China’s Digitalization of Public Diplomacy on Weibo and Twitter: A Case Study of the US–China Trade War- Huang, Zhao Alexandre, and Rui Wang (2021), International Journal of Communication
Cyber Offense in NATO: Challenges and oppertunities- Jeppe T Jacobsen, (2021), International Affairs
Fear and empathy in international relations: Diplomacy, cyber engagement and Australian foreign policy (2021)- Luigi Di Martino, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy
The Russians are Laughing! The Russians are Laughing! How Russian Diplomats Employ Humour in Online Public Diplomacy- Ilan Manor (2020), Global Society
UN Diplomacy in 280 Characters- Ilan Manor (2020), Vereinte Nationen
Forum: Militarization 2.0: Communication and the Normalization of Political Violence in the Digital Age-Susan T Jackson, Rhys Crilley, Ilan Manor, Catherine Baker, Modupe Oshikoya, Jutta Joachim, Nick Robinson, Andrea Schneiker, Nicole Sunday Grove, Cynthia Enloe (2020), International Studies Review
NATO’s Digital Public Diplomacy During the Covid-19 Pandemic- Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor (2020), Turkish Policy Quarterly
The populist style and public diplomacy: kayfabe as performative agonism in Trump’s Twitter posts- Paweł Surowiec abd Christopher Milles (2020), Public Relations Inquiry
Hybridity and Soft Power Statecraft: The ‘GREAT’ Campaign- Paweł Surowiec and Phillip Long (2020), Diplomacy and Statecraft
Tweeting the Russian revolution: RT’s #1917LIVE and social media re-enactments as public diplomacy-Rhys Crilley, Marie Gillespie, Alistair Willis (2019), European Journal of Cultural Studies
Rebel Diplomacy and Digital Communication: Public Diplomacy in the Sahel- Michèle Bos & Jan Melissen (2019), International Affairs
The Mediatization of MFAs: Diplomacy in the New Media Ecology (2019)- Ilan Manor & Rhys Crilley, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy
Public Diplomacy in the Digital Age (2019)- Corneliu Bjola, Jennifer Cassidy and Ilan Manor, the Hague Journal of Diplomacy
Digital Diplomacy: Emotion and Identity in the Public Realm (2019)- Constance Duncombe, the Hague Journal of Diplomacy
From Embassy Ties to Twitter Links: Comparing Offline and Online Diplomatic Networks (2019) – Efe Sevin and Ilan Manor, Policy & Internet
Hashtag Diplomacy: Twitter as a Tool for Engaging in Public Diplomacy and Promoting US Foreign Policy (2019) – Stephen D Collins, Jeff R. DeWitt, and Rebecca K. LeFebvre, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy
More Than Data: Using the Netvizz Facebook Application for Mixed-Methods Analysis of Digital Diplomacy (2019) – Damian Spry, Research Methods
Practicing Citizen Diplomacy 2.0: “The Hot Dudes and Hummus- Israel’s Yummiest” Campaign for Israel’s Branding (2019) – Tal Samuel-Azran, Betti Ilovici, Israel Zari and Orly Geduild, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy
Towards Prestige Mobility? Diplomatic Prestige and Digital Diplomacy (2019) – Ilan Manor and James Pamment, the Cambridge Review of International Affairs
Branding Korea as “My Friend’s Country”: The Case of VANK’s Cyber Public Diplomats (2018) – Kadir Ayhan, Korea Observer
Facebook Diplomacy: A Data Driven, User-Focused Approach to Facebook use by Diplomatic Missions (2018) – Damian Spry, Media International Australia
Factors Influencing e-diplomacy implementation: Exploring Causal Relationships Using Interpretive Structural Modelling (2018) – Hamad Al Muftah et a., Government Information Quarterly
The Long Road to Digitalized Diplomacy: A Short History of the Internet in U.S. Public Diplomacy (2018) – Nicholas J, Cull, Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior
The Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: From Digitization to Modernization (2018) – Alejandro Neyra and Rafa Rubio, Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior
Digital Diplomacy as Crisis Communication: Turkish Digital Outreach after July 15 (2018) – Efe Sevin, Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior
Strengthening the United Nations Secretariat’s Use of Social Media: The View of One Practitioner (2018) – Nancy Groves, Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior
Palestine in Hebrew: Overcoming the Limitations of Traditional Diplomacy (2018) – Ilan Manor and Marcus Holmes, Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior
Diplomacy & Digitization: A Profession Adapting to New Networks of Power (2018) – James Pamment, Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior
The Digitalization of Public Diplomacy: Towards a New Conceptual Framework (2018) – Azócar Daniel Aguirre, Ilan Manor, Cardoso Alejandro Ramos, Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior
Strategic Narrative: 21st Century Diplomatic Statecraft (2018) – Alister Miskimmon, Ben O’Loughlin and Laura Roselle, Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior
Digital Diplomacy 2.0: Trends and Counter Trends (2018) – Corneliu Bjola, Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior
Digital Diplomacy: Success at your Fingertips (2018) – Neil Collins and Kristina Kekenova, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy
The Digital Industries: Transparency as Mass Deception (2018) – Ilan Manor and Louis Soone, Global Policy
Visualizing the Paris Climate talks on Twitter: Media and Climate Stakeholder Visual Social Media During COP21 (2018) – Jill E Hopke and Luis E Hestres, Social Media + Society
Twitter and the Challenges of Digital Diplomacy (2018) – Constance Duncombe, SAIS Review of International Affairs
A Turning IR Landscape in a Shifting Media Ecology: The State of IR Literature on New Media (2018) – Susan Jackson, International Studies Review
Visually framing the Gaza War of 2014: The Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Twitter (2018) – Ilan Manor and Rhys Crilley, Media, War and Conflict
Revisiting Putnam’s two-level game theory in the digital age: Domestic digital diplomacy and the Iran nuclear deal (2018) – Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor, The Cambridge Review of International Affairs
Organizational Culture and Public Diplomacy in the Digital Sphere: The case of South Korea (2018) – Jeffery Robertson, Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies
Telling NATO’s Story of Afghanistan: Gender and the Alliance’s Digital Diplomacy (2017) – Katherine AM Wright, Media, War & Conflict
Critical Digital Diplomacy as a Global Challenge: The South Korean Experience (2017) – Jan Melissen, Emilie V. de Keulenaar, Global Policy
America’s Selfie–Three Years Later (2017) – Ilan Manor, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy
Facebook Users’ Engagement with Israel’s Public Diplomacy Messages During the 2012 and 2014 Military Operations in Gaza (2017) – Moran Yrachi, Tal Samuel-Azran, and Lior Bar-David, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy
Sharing Public Diplomacy Through Social Media Networks in the 21 Century (2017) – Valentin Costa, Romanian Journal of History and International Studies
Twitter and Transformative Diplomacy: Social Media and Iran–US Relations (2017) – Constance Duncombe, International Affairs
Digital Diplomacy- The State of the Art (2016) – Corneliu Bjola, Global Affairs
Digital Diplomacy and the Securing of Nationals in a Citizen-Centric World (2016) – Jan Melissen and Matthew Caesar-Gordon, Global Affairs
Crafting strategic MFA communication policies during times of political crisis: A note to MFA policy makers (2016) – Jennifer Cassidy and Ilan Manor, Global Affairs
Digital Containment: Revisiting Containment Strategy in the Digital Age (2016) – Corneliu Bjola and James Pamment, Global Affairs
Getting Digital Diplomacy Right: What Quantum Theory Can Teach Us about Measuring Impact (2016) – Corneliu Bjola, Global Affairs
Are We There Yet? Have MFAs Realized the Potential of Digital Diplomacy? Results from a Cross-National Comparison (2016) – Ilan Manor, Diplomacy and Foreign Policy
Digital diplomacy in GCC Countries: Strategic Communication of Western Embassies on Twitter (2015) – Strauß, Nadine, Sanne Kruikemeier, Heleen van der Meulen, and Guda van Noort, Government Information Quarterly
Digital public diplomacy on Twitter? The case of@ Sweden (2015) – Helen Hoffmann, International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy
Digital Diplomacy as Transmedia Engagement: Aligning Theories of Participatory Culture with International Advocacy Campaigns (2015) – James Pamment, New Media & Society
Digital Diplomacy 2.0: A Cross National Comparison of Public Engagement in Facebook and Twitter (2015)- Ronit Kampf, Ilan Manor and Elad Segev, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy
Netpolitik: What the Emergence of Networks Means for Diplomacy and Statecraft (2015) – Charlie Firestone and Leshuo Dong, The Aspen Journal of Ideas
Digital Public Diplomacy and a Strategic Narrative for India (2014) – Kalathmika Natarajan, Strategic Analysis
Social Media’s Dialogic Communication of Foreign Embassies in Korea and Public Diplomacy: Based on Dialogic Communication Theory (2014) – Heewoon Cha, Sunha Yeo, and Bittnari Kim, Advanced Science and Technology Letters
India’s Digital Diaspora Diplomacy: Operationalizing Collaborative Public Diplomacy Strategies for Social Media (2014) – Bhattiprolu Murti and Rhonda S. Zaharna, Exchange: the Journal for Public Diplomacy
Digital Engagement: Americas Use (and misuse) of Marshall McLuhan (2013) – Edward Comor, Political Science
America’s Engagement Delusion: Critiquing a Public Diplomacy Consensus (2012) – Edward Comoro and Harold Bean, International Communication Gazette
Social Media at State: Power, Practice and Conceptual Limits for US Public Diplomacy (2012) – Craig Hayden, Global Media Journal
Public Diplomacy 2.0: A Case Study of the US Digital Outreach Team (2012)- Lina Khatib, William Dutton and Michael Thelwall, The Middle East Journal
Is It The Medium or the Message? Social Media, American Public Relations and Iran (2012) – Emily Metzgar, Global Media Journal
Impact of New Technologies on International Communication: the Case of Public Diplomacy (2012) – Beata Ociepka, Information Science
Issue Theme: The Use of Social Media in US Public Diplomacy (2012) – Rhonda S. Zaharna and William A Rugh, Global Media Journal
Post-9/11 US public diplomacy in eastern Europe: Dialogue via new technologies or face-to-face communication? (2012) – Antoaneta M Vanc, Global Media Journal
Israel’s Peer-to-peer Diplomacy (2012) – Shay Attias, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy
The Impact of New Media on Diplomatic Practice: An Evolutionary Model of Change (2012) – Cristina Archetti, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy
Digital Diplomacy: The Internet, the Battle for Ideas and US Foreign Policy (2010) – Ellen Hallams, CEU Political Science Journal
Web-based Public Diplomacy: The Role of Social Media in the Iran and Xingjiang Riots (2010)- Li Xiguang and Wang Jing, Journal of International Communication
Mapping the Great Beyond: Identifying Meaningful Networks in Public Diplomacy (2010) – Ali Fisher, CPD Perspectives on Public Diplomacy
America’s Edge (2009) – Anne-Marie Slaughter, Foreign Policy
Exploring US e-diplomacy and Non State Actors’ Increasing Communicative Influence (2008) – Kimberly Soltzfus, Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on Digital government research. Digital Government Society of North America
Network diplomacy (2001) – Jamie F. Metzl, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
Virtual Diplomacy: Rethinking Foreign Policy Practice in the Information Age (2001) – Sheryl J Brown and Margarita S. Studemeister, Information & Security
Essays/Blogs/ Working Papers:
Sputnik Tweets Its Way to Legitimacy (2021)-Ilan Manor, Global Policy
Data is Power: Wahsington Needs to Craft New Rulles for the Digital Age (2021)- Matthew Slaughter and David McCormick, Foreign Affairs
Digital Diplomacy: Global Trends, Opportunities and Challenges (2021)- Lucas Hibbeln, Invictus Corporation
Hybrid Diplomacy: How COVID-19 changes the way we negotiate (2021)- Jovan Kurbalija and Katharina Höne, sef: Development and Peace Foundation
Diplomats worldwide go digital to honor Int’l Holocaust Remembrance Day (2021)- Ilan Manor, The Jerusalem Post
The Digital Legacy of Covid-19 (2021)- Ilan Manor, E-International Relations
Defending Democracies From Disinformation and Cyber-enabled Foreign Interference (2021)-Danielle Cave and Jake Wallis, The Strategist
Amid election fraud concerns: Could robots decide a US election? (2020)- Ilan Manor, The Jerusalem Post
Diplomacy in the age of Artificial Intelligence (2020)- Corneliu Bjola, EDA Working Papers
How External Shocks Alter Digital Diplomacy’s Trajectory (2020)- Ilan Manor, USC Center on Public Diplomacy Blog
How America Uses Twitter to Indict Iran (2019)- Ilan Manor, USC Center on Public Diplomacy Blog
Adapting Diplomacy to The Digital Age: Managing the Organisational Cultures of Ministries of Foreign Affairs (2018) – Corneliu Bjola, Oxford Digital Diplomacy Research Group Working Papers
Digital Diplomacy: India’s Increasing Digital Footprint (2018)- Saurabh Singh, Society for the Study of Peace and Conflict
The Digitalization of Diplomacy: Towards Clarification of a Fractured Terminology (2018) – Ilan Manor, Oxford Digital Diplomacy Research Group Working Papers
Digital Diplomatic Crisis Communication: Reconceptualising Diplomatic Signalling in an age of Real Time Governance (2018) – Jennifer Cassidy, Oxford Digital Diplomacy Research Group Working Papers
Computational Diplomacy: Foreign Policy Communication in the Age of Algorithms and Automation (2017) – Akin Unver
The Contradictory Trends of Digital Diaspora Diplomacy (2017) – Ilan Manor, www.digdipblog.com
Summary- Israel’s First Digital Diplomacy Conference (2017) – Ilan Manor, Exploring Digital Diplomacy
The Strategic Use of Digital and Public Diplomacy in Pursuit of National Objectives (2016) – Sean Riordan, Working Paper Presented at FOCIR 2016 Conference
Diplomacy in the Digital Age (2015) – Brian Hocking and Jan Melissen, Netherlands Institute of International Relations’ Clingendael’.
Futures for Diplomacy: Integrative Diplomacy in the 21st Century (2012) – Brian Hocking, Jan Melissen and Paul Sharp, Working Paper, Netherlands Institute of International Relations’ Clingendael’.
Exploring Digital Diplomacy 